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People walking on dusty road carrying belongings

Nakba: Erasing a People

Fighters in pre-state Zionist paramilitary group, December 1938 — Fighters in the Haganah the pre state Zionist paramilitary group get a lesson in topography near Sheikh Bureik in northern Palestine December 24 1938 Government Press Office GPO

Colonization, 1898-1930 — Colonization British and Zionist flags fly over a Palestinian village Photo taken between 1898 and 1930 Courtesy the G Eric Edith Matson Collection

Man wearing headscarf in desert — Hashahar the founder of the Palmach s Arab Department in disguise Photo Yeruham Cohen 1948 Palmach Archive

Destruction of Haifa, April 1948 — April 22 1948 Destruction of Haifa by the Hagannah during their Operation Bi ur Hametz John Philips for LIFE Magazine

Palestinian buildings, April 1948 — 220 Palestinian buildings were destroyed in Haifa s old city during the bombing of Haifa which occurred over a 3 day period April 1948 Jim Pringle Associated Press

Zionist forces walk the streets during the Battle of Haifa, April 1948 — Zionist forces walk the streets during the Battle of Haifa April 221948 The Archive of the IDF

Zionist forces after cleansing the town of Al Majdal Asqalan, 1948 — Yiftach Brigade of the Palmach Zionist militia with their Hotchkiss machine guns during Operation Yiftach to take over the city of Safed April and May 1948

Soldiers raising a flag atop damaged stone building — Zionist forces occupy the Palestinian village of al Majdal on February 26 1949 An Israel flag is planted on a former Palestinian municipal building Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Man speaking to seated outdoor crowd at meeting — Yitzhak Pundak during his command of the 53rd Battalion of the Givati Brigade Photo by David Rubin Palmach Archive

Orphan survivors from massacre in Deir Yassin, April 1948 — Orphan survivors from the massacre in Deir Yassin by Zionist militia on April 8 1948 Source Dar el Tifl

Women and children of Tantura, May 1948 — Women and children of Tantura being on busses and on foot being forced out of their village Hundreds of Tantura s men were massacred or sent to labor camps May 1948

People walking with donkey on dirt road — Villagers from Wadi Hunayn near Ramle being expelled April 1948 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Man with armband standing by dirt road — United Nations soldier looks on as Palestinians are trucked out of their homes in al Falluja April 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Soldier supervising passengers in loaded open truck — UN overseeing the expulsion of Palestinians from their village of al Falluja Spring 1949 Courtesy of Firas Alsaafin via Palestine Remembered

People wading through water carrying belongings — Thousands of Palestinians were initially displaced to the Beach Camp in Gaza Here they flee for a second time boarding boats to Lebanon or Egypt1949 Photo by Hrant Nakashian UN RWA Archive

Two soldiers holding framed portraits on street — Zionist militia looting Palestinian homes in Haifa April 1948 Fred Chesnik Jewish National Fund Archive

Officials at podium with Star of David backdrop — Zionist leader David Ben Gurion left reading Israel s Declaration of Independence on May 14 1948 in Tel Aviv He was to become Israel s first Prime Minister Zoltan Kluger for the GPO via Getty Images

People resting beside piled belongings under trees — Thousands of Palestinians took refugee in olive groves as they fled in terror from their villages during the Nakba 1948 This image was taken by Palestinian photographer Ali Zaarour

Large crowd of people gathered beside road — The women and children of Tantura being gathered before expulsion May 1948 IDF Archive

Group of people boarding truck with belongings — The Palestinian village of Iraq al Manshiyya in the Gaza District of historic Palestine being ethnically cleansed of its inhabitants in Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Soldiers running across smoke-filled battlefield — The Fourth Battalion Regiment of the Harel Brigade attacking a Palestnian village during the Nakba Palmach Archive

Zionist Soldiers taking over a Palestinian town, 1948 — Zionist soldiers taking over a Palestinian town in 1948 IDF Archive

Soldiers gathered around jeep in town square — Zionist forces after ethnically cleansing the town of al Majdal Asqalan in the Gaza District of Palestine Late 1948 Israeli State Archive

Civilians boarding military truck with soldiers — The Expulsion of women old men and children from their village of Iraq al Manshiyya in March 1949 Benno Rothenberg Israel State Archive

People beside piled belongings along dirt road — The expulsion of the people of Iraq Al Manshiyah and al Fallujah Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

People and belongings outside muddy building — The expelling of Palestinians from their village of al Falluja Spring 1949 Courtesy of Firas Alsaafin on Palestine Remembered

People wrapped in cloaks resting by stone wall — The expelling of Palestinians from their village of al Falluja in Spring 1949 Courtesy of Firas Alsaafin on Palestine Remembered

Historical scene: people leaving mud-brick village — The ethnic cleansing of the people of Iraq al Manshiyya and al Fallujah April 24 1949 Courtesy of Palstine Remembered

Men with donkeys at livestock market — The ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian village of Iraq al Manshiya in March 1949 Benno Rothenberg Israeli State Archives

Men crowded on truck in damaged street — The ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their city of Haifa on April 22 1948 Fred Chesnik IDF and Defense Archive

Soldiers in trench aiming rifles behind sandbags — The 4th Battalion of the Harel Brigade 1948 Palmach Archive

Two people extinguishing fire at arched building — The 4th Battalion of the Harel Brigade in 1948 Palmach Archive Courtesy of Raanana Kabri

Partially collapsed apartment building with rubble — The 4th Battalion of the Harel Brigade destroy Palestinian buildings 1948 Palmach Archive

Ruined stone buildings with large rubble pile — Scenes of devastation in the Palestinian residential quarters in Jerusalem Ruins of the Musrara quarter April to early May 1948 Source Institute for Palestine Studies Photograph Collection

Two people smiling by stone building — Palmach soldiers sit in the entrance of a Palestinian building in the depopulated village of Beit Nattif near Jerusalem October 1948 Government Press Office GPO

Two girls crouching arranging stones outdoors — September 1949 Jewish immigrants to the new State of Israel gather stones in the ruins of an ethnically cleansed Palestinian village Zoltan Kluger Central Zionist Archive

Soldiers in trench aiming rifles — Palmach fighters in 1948 Palmach Archive

Line of men walking with raised hands — Palestinians surrender to Israeli forces on July 11 1948 Photo by David Eldad Government Press Office GPO

People carrying bundles walking along dusty road — Palestinians making the long journey into exile and away from their homes in the Galilee Source unknown

People with luggage and crates on dock — Palestinians in the port of Jaffa awaiting exile 1948 Life Magazine

Man selecting vegetables at street stall — The town of al Majdal Asqalan before the expulsion of its people November 1948 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

People and donkey walking through flooded stone gateway — Palestinians in al Falluja on the day of their departure Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Group of people loading belongings onto truck — Palestinians from Iraq al Manshiyya in the Gaza District as they are being ethnically cleansed by Israeli army forces in Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Vintage bus with travelers loading rooftop luggage — Palestinians forced out of their village of Zenin May 1948 John Phillips for Life Magazine

People boarding truck with packed belongings — Palestinians forced out of al Falluja Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Crowd of people with belongings on roadside — Palestinians forced into exile from their village of Iraq al Manshiyya Spring 1949 Benno Rothenberg Israel State Archive

People carrying belongings walking past a truck — Palestinians carrying their belongings into exile 1948 Source Unknown

Men behind barbed wire with officer nearby — Palestinians being held captive by Israeli army in Bir Saba Be er Sheva on October 22 1948 Photographer not identified Government Press Office GPO

Vintage black-and-white refugees boarding trucks — Palestinians being forced to evacuate their village of Iraq al Manshiyya Spring 1949 Benno Rothenberg IDF Archives

Two women carrying large bundles in village — Palestinians becoming refugees as they leave their village near Ramle 1948 Boris Carmi IDF Defense Establishment Archives

Women and children walking along rural road — Palestinian women and children expelled from their village of Zenin May 1948 John Phillips for Life Magazine

People walking along a rural road — Palestinian women and children expelled from their village of Zenin in May 1948 Photo from John Phillips for Life Magazine

People gathering belongings outdoors under trees — Palestinian refugees sleep in olive groves to rest during their long march away from home and into exile 1948 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Palestinian refugees load their belongings onto a truck fleeing Al Falouja village during the Nakba © 1949 UNRWA Archives

People walking on dusty road carrying belongings — Palestinian refugees fleeing their homes near Haifa June 1948 Photo by David S Boyer for Corbis

Two women carrying bundles on heads in village — Palestinian refugees fleeing their homes in the Ramle area 1948 Credit Boris Carmi The IDF and Defense Establishment Archives

Men helping each other onto crowded wooden boat — Palestinian refugees fleeing the Gaza Strip on fishing boats to Lebanon and Egypt 1948 UNRWA Archive

Women and children at busy fishing dock — Palestinian refugees at Jaffa s port sorting their belongings before boarding a British ship May 1948 Source Al Jazeera

Palestinian girls push their belongings in strollers and carts as they flee their homes in Jaffa © 1948 UNRWA Archives

Man holding child, woman standing beside outdoors — Palestinian father and daughter 1948 UNRWA Archive

People gathered around sleeping person in cave — Palestinian family seeks refuge in a cave 1950 UNRWA Archives

Palestinian children line up for milk at the Dikwaneh refugee camp in Lebanon UNRWA schools provided daly milk and food distributions to students Beirut Lebanon © UNRWA Archive

Soldiers standing by armored vehicles on road — Operation Yoav executed by the newly named Israeli Army from October 15 to 22nd 1948 in order to ethnically cleanse Palestinian from the Negev Source unknown

Soldiers manning machine gun in desert trench — October 1948 The Givati Brigade of the IDF during Operation Yoav The goal of Operation Yoav was to conquer the whole Negev and drive out its Palestinian villagers IDF Archive

Four soldiers lying in grassy field with binoculars — Members of the Haganah militia training in the Jeezrel Valley in Palestine March 3 1948 Zoltan Kluger for the GPO

Palestinians in exile, October, 1948 — October 30 1948 Palestinians from the Galilee walking into exile David Eldan Government Press Office GPO

Soldier searching man with raised arms, laden camels — October 28 1948 Palestinian refugees are searched by Israeli army soldiers while en route from their homes in the Galilee to exile in Lebanon IDF Archive

Group of people walking past abandoned truck — November 9 1948 Palestinian Refugees from the Galilee walk towards Beirut Jim Pringle Associated Press

Convoy of soldiers in vintage military jeeps — Members of 89th Battalion of the Israeli army outside Beit Jibrin IDF Archive

People working in a stone courtyard — May 1949 Jewish immigrants taking over the homes of Palestinians in the village of Deir Yassin the site of one of the worst massacres carried out by Zionist militia during the Nakba IDF Archives

Ruined stone village buildings and rubble — May 30 1949 The ruins of Palestinian homes destroyed in Safed Zoltan Kluger for the Government Press Office GPO

Two people watering a village garden with cans — October 17 1949 Jewish immigrants settle in Palestinian homes in the village Ain Hawd and establish an Israeli settlement of Ein Hod Government Press Office GPO

People pushing covered cart through urban street — Looting of Palestinian property in Haifa 1948 Fred Chesnik Government Press Office GPO

Military truck with people fleeing thick smoke — King David Hotel bombing by the Irgun zionist terror group headed by future Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin July 22 1946 Here we see the 2nd explosion Source unknown

Ruined domed building interior with collapsed roof — June 10 1949 The ruins of the mosque in al Majdal village IDF Archive

Soldier walking past long line of civilians — July 12 1948 Israeli soldiers rounding up Palestinian families for expulsion lDF and Defense Archive

Guard with rifle by barbed-wire fence, crowd behind — July 7 1948 A makeshift prison in Ramle for Palestinian men Photo by David Eldan for the Government Press Office GPO

Group of people sitting by stone wall — January 5 1949 Jewish immigrants waiting to move into stolen Palestinian homes in Ein Karem Hugo Mendelson for the Government Press Office GPO

Two soldiers walking along beach beside rowboat — Israeli soldiers wander the shore of an ethnically cleansed Palestinian coastal village 1948 Source unknown

Two men playing piano in vintage photo — Israeli Soldiers in an ethnically cleansed Palestinian home in the Katamon neighborhood of West Jerusalem 1948 Government Press Office GPO

Convoy of vintage military jeeps on dirt road — Israeli soldiers in al Falluja during the expulsion of Palestinians in Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Soldiers charging across open field — Israeli infantry make a full assault on Egyptian forces during the Arab Israeli War in 1948 1949 Source Keystone Getty Images

People unloading blankets from truck, onlookers nearby — International forces overseeing the expulsion of Palestinians from their homes in the village of Iraq al Manshiyya March 1949 Benno Rothenberg Israel State Archives

Soldiers escorting civilians down a street — IDF Soldiers taking Palestinians as prisoners in Ramle 1948 Benno Rothenberg IDF Archive

Uniformed soldiers posing with weapons beside armored vehicle — IDF Archive 1948

Soldiers watching distant explosions across rocky terrain — Harel Brigade Sappers blowing up the Palestinian village of Salbit near Ramle on July 15 16 1948 Source unknown

Men pushing cart loaded with rolled rugs — Haganah militia expelling Palestinians from their homes in Haifa May 12 1948 Source AFP

Group of armed soldiers posing for photograph — Givati Brigade in 1948 Palmach Archive

Three men raising Israeli flag on hill — From a Palmach photo album First Always We Are Company B of the Palmach Palmach Archive

Uniformed soldiers standing and talking on street — Fighters from Israel s pre state militia occupying the village of Deir Yassin April 9 1948 Credit IDF Archive Still from the film Born in Deir Yassin

Women walking along dirt road carrying bundles — Expelling the Women and Children of Tantura June 18 1948 Benno Rothenberg Israeli State Archives

Man photographing people walking along a dirt road — June 18 1948 Deporting the women of al Tantura Israeli government photographer Benno Rothenberg captures the moment for the new Israeli government press office Israel State Archive

Crowded bus interior with seated and standing passengers — Deporting the women and children of Tantura June 18 1948 Benno Rothenberg Israeli State Archives

Group of people carrying belongings walking on dirt — Deporting the women and children of Tantura June 18 1948 Benno Rothenberg Israeli State Archives

Group of refugees and children in truck — Arriving at a refugee camp a Palestinian grandfather on a truck with his family and belongings 1948 Source Unknown

Soldiers guarding prisoners behind barbed wire fence — An open air prison in the Palestinian town of Ramle 1948 Benno Rothenberg Israel State Archive

Four men outdoors, one drinking from canteen — An Israeli soldier drinks water as Palestinians look on This is after Israeli forces conquered Bir as Saba Be er Sheva October 22 1948 Hugo Mendelson for the Government Press Office GPO

Vintage black-and-white photo of men with rifles — Abed Al Kader Al Hussaini with his volunteer fighters in 1947 1948 Photograph by Khalil Rissas Haganah Archive From the Collection of the Rissas Family

Group tending wounded beside military vehicles — A rare photo taken in the village of Qaqun in the Tulkarem district on the day of its occupation and the displacement of its people Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Officer conversing with men in traditional clothing — A Palestinian refugee approaches an Israeli soldier Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Group of people inside cave dwelling — A Palestinian family expelled from their village finds refuge in a cave in the Bethlehem 1950 UNRWA Archive

Elderly couple assisted across muddy field — A Palestinian couple being escorted onto a truck and into exile from their village of al Falluja Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

A Palestinian couple fleeing al Falluja Spring1949 © UNRWA Archives

Two elderly people walking uphill with cane — A couple forced from their village of al Falluja March 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Barefoot girl standing in muddy field — Moments before being forced from her village of al Falluja Spring 1949 Courtesy of Palestine Remembered

Two men sitting by shuttered building doorway — A Palestinian and his cat soon after Haifa s occupation April 1949 Courtesy of Raneen G via Palestine Remembered

Long convoy of trucks and people on road — A long convo of Palestinian refugees leaving their villages in 1948 UNRWA Archive

Convoy of military trucks on country road — A convoy of trucks carries Palestinian refugees and their belongings from Gaza to Hebron 1949 UNRWA Archives Photographer Unknown

Trucks loaded with people and belongings — A convoy of refugees departs from Jaffa May 1948 Associated Press

Long line of vehicles on rural road — A convo of hundreds of Palestinian families fleeing their villages 1948 Source unknown

Woman and children sitting by barbed wire fence — Al Burj A Palestinian woman and her child cut off from their home by the 1949 Armistice Line UNRWA Archive

Two men mounting Hebrew sign on pole — The former Palestinian village of Um al Zinat becomes the Israeli settlement of Elyakim 1950 Teddy Brauner Israeli Government Press Office GPO

Men seated outdoors beneath an Israeli flag — June 1 1949 A Palestinian man and child sits in a cafe taken over by Zionists Fritz Cohen Government Press Office GPO

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